Ocular syphilis associated with syphilitic resurgence in a human immunodeficiency virus–infected man

Optometrists provide an important service to the community, often acting as the first health care provider a patient consults. Many patients will present with ocular complaints that have systemic associations. In addition to diabetes, hypertension, and rheumatologic disorders, optometrists can encounter the ocular manifestations of sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis. Syphilis is a chronic systemic infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, which is transmitted primarily through sexual contact. A recent rise in the prevalence and clinical manifestation of syphilis increases the likelihood of its presence in the optometric office.